SOCIAL AND CULTURAL FUNCTIONS OF LANGUAGE COMMUNICATIVE EXCHANGE

Abstract

In this article, communication is considered as the most important mechanism for the formation of the individual as a social person. Based on a certain goal, the speaker resorts to a combination of linguistic forms in a speech act from the possibilities of phonetic, lexical, grammatical and syntactic previously given by the language, which results in a speech act. The choice of a language unit is determined by its ability to solve relevant communication problems. The essence of the language, its purpose and action in society, its nature are manifested in its functions. They are its characteristics, without which language cannot exist as a means of communication. The social functions of language can be represented by its role, use and purpose in human society. The most important function of language as a means of communication between people is the communicative function. Linguists distinguish language functions that manifest themselves in any communication situation and secondary functions that arise in special situations. Given the pragmatic nature of any communicative act, many researchers of language and speech today take as the basic division of the communicative function proposed by R. Jacobson into six components: reference, emotive, conative, phatic, metalanguage and poetic functions. The study of the communicative functions of the English interjection, conducted in accordance with R. Yakobson's scheme, revealed the pragmatic polyfunctionality of this class of words.
The development of modern linguistics and, in particular, pragmalinguistics shows that the functioning of language units is important for adequate perception and implementation of the act of communication. The term "communication" by us means communication, exchange of thoughts, information, ideas, etc. (Latin communicatio, from communico - I do common, communicate, communicate). In the communicative function of the language, its instrumental and sign essence is manifested. Communication thus becomes the most important mechanism for becoming an individual as a social person. This society determines the formation of individual and group attitudes, the conductor of which is a person. Communication becomes the corrective means of social manifestation of an individual or group. As a social process, communication is aimed at forming society as a whole and performs a connecting function in it. Along with modal words and particles, interjections function in the language in a special status, thereby distinguishing themselves from language units, which are only building material for expression.